由于人类的影响，蚊虫生殖器迅速变化
即时发布
连接的道路也分裂。
This dichotomy – half-century-old roads connecting portions of Bahamian islands while fragmenting the tidal waters below – leads to rapid and interesting changes in the fish living in those fragmented sections, according to a new study from North Carolina State University.
NC国家博士。学生Justa Heinen-kay和生物科学助理教授R. Brian Langerhans展示paper发表于期刊进化应用, that the male genitalia of three different species of Bahamian mosquitofish (甘武伊岛）生活在碎片的水域中，从生活在未经用水中的鱼类生殖器中显着不同。
碎片限制了蚊虫掠夺者的数量，这似乎具有与男性鱼类生殖器的形状的联系。与未经用的地区的捕食者共存的鱼在生活中具有骨化器，比鱼类更加细长的巨孔尖端，而没有染色区域的捕食威胁。鸡醇是这些活泼的鱼中的精子转移器官。
“这项研究表明，人类造成的栖息地改变导致鱼类生殖器的变化仅35至50年 - 由于造成碎片道路建成以来的时间，”海伦凯说。“虽然我们预计会看到一些变化，但我们惊讶地看到每个物种根据我们的预测改变的一致性基于早期的工作重点关注生态因素，如捕食，影响雄性生殖器的演变在数千年的过程中。“
The authors said that these findings indicate that sometimes the impacts of human activities on the traits of organisms can be predictable, suggesting that management, restoration and conservation efforts could be useful.
Langerhans补充说，该研究可以特别了解物种的洞察，或者不同的物种如何发展。
“因为生殖器对繁殖具有明显和直接的影响，这些发现引起了人类诱发的环境变化是否可能促进物业的问题。随着种群在生殖器形态变得越来越不同的情况下，他们对杂交的能力可以衰落，导致形态，“Langerhans说。“这种种类形状的这种快速变化的常见可能是其他物种，以及对新物种的形成的后果是我们将来在未来研究中提出的一些问题。”
克雷格博士，AN应用生态国家副总司和霍莉Noel，NC国家生物科学的本科生，霍莉诺埃尔，共同撰写本文。该研究得到了国家科学基金会和数控国家的支持。
- Kulikowski -
编辑的注释：纸上的摘要跟随。
Human-caused habitat fragmentation can drive rapid divergence of male genitalia
作者：Justa L. Heinen-Kay，Holly G. Noel，Craig A. Layman和Brian Langerhans，北卡罗来纳州立大学
发表：2013年11月进化应用
迪伊: 10.1111/eva.12223
抽象的:本研究的目的是基于三个前提:(i) Humans are altering ecosystems worldwide, (ii) environmental variation often influences the strength and nature of sexual selection, and (iii) sexual selection is largely responsible for rapid and divergent evolution of male genitalia. While each of these assertions has strong empirical support, no study has yet investigated their logical conclusion that human impacts on the environment might commonly drive rapid diversification of male genital morphology. We tested whether anthropogenic habitat fragmentation has resulted in rapid changes in the size, allometry, shape, and meristics of male genitalia in three native species of livebearing fishes (genus: Gambusia) inhabiting tidal creeks across six Bahamian islands. We found that genital shape and allometry consistently and repeatedly diverged in fragmented systems across all species and islands. Using a model selection framework, we identified three ecological consequences of fragmentation that apparently underlie observed morphological patterns: decreased predatory fish density, increased conspecific density, and reduced salinity. Our results demonstrate that human modifications to the environment can drive rapid and predictable divergence in male genitalia. Given the ubiquity of anthropogenic impacts on the environment, future research should evaluate the generality of our findings and potential consequences for reproductive isolation.
