即时发布
北卡罗来纳州立大学的研究提供了进一步的证据表明，在1840年代导致爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒的病原体可能起源于南美洲安第斯山脉。
使用强大的数据集，NC状态植物病理学家Jean Ristaino和同事来自加利福尼亚大学的哥本哈根大学伯克利和汤姆吉尔伯特伯克利和汤姆吉尔伯特使用全基因组DNA样本来研究各种菌株Phytophthora infestans，负责爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒的病原体和世界各地土豆和番茄植物的主要原因。
The researchers used an unprecedented set of genomic sequences from 71 modern and historic samples ofP. infestans. Ristaino’s lab provided DNA from the important archival samples used in the work.
“我们扩增了整个基因组，或一套所有基因，历史样品中，负责19世纪的晚枯病爆发的历史样本，”Ristaino说。“我们从数百岁的样品中测序，并将基因组与病原体和近亲的现代基因组序列进行比较。”
The study closely linksP. infestans叫做姐妹病原体Phytophthora andinathat is only found in South America.
“饥荒时代的基础是什么P. andina, a hybrid pathogen that is found only in the Andean region,” Ristaino said. “Half the genome of the historic samples is shared withP. andina, suggesting that the famine pathogen came from South America. We also think thatP. infestansandP. andinadiverged before modern Mexican strains of the pathogen, which further bolsters the case for a South American origin.”
该团队将物种的起源日期为16世纪 - 西班牙探险家进入西半球时的时间，并在全球各地移动土豆。
Besides characterizing a known but not well documented South American pathogen, the study provides more evidence toward solving the longstanding mystery of the origin of the Irish potato famine pathogen. Theories thatP. infestansoriginated in Mexico also persist in the academic literature.
“What’s missing from previous studies by others are historic samples from South America that would really solve this case,” Ristaino said. “Most of the historic South American samples come from the early 20th century or later.”
P. infestans在北京1840年代末期后，在欧洲造成巨大和衰弱的疾病爆发，在肆虐的爱尔兰唤醒后离开饥饿和迁移。ristaino通过南美船舶或来自美国的感染的种子来了解了病原体到达欧洲。在爱尔兰爆发之前，疾病首次抵达美国海岸。Ristaino的实验室正在在一个单独的研究中调查美国爆发。
病原体的影响并不仅限于decimating Ireland 170 years ago. Billions are spent worldwide each year on crop damage and attempts to control the pathogen, Ristaino said. Now, researchers are looking at ways of preventingP. andina从逃脱其南美范围内或在北美或其他地方造成破坏性的作物。
The study出现在开放式访问期刊中Molecular Biology and Evolution. Martin is the paper’s corresponding author. Co-authors include Filipe Vieira, Nathan Wales, Mikkel Schubert and Andaine Seguin-Orlando from the University of Copenhagen, and Simon Ho from the University of Sydney. The research was supported by grants from the Lundbeck Foundation and the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program.
- Kulikowski -
“南美洲植物疫苗的基因组特征是重新评估了地理起源的重新评估Phytophthora infestans“
作者：伯克利加州大学Michael Martin;北卡罗来纳州立大学Jean Ristaino;哥本哈根大学托马斯吉尔伯特;等等。
发表: Nov. 17, 2015, inMolecular Biology and Evolution
迪伊：10.1093 / molbev / msv241
抽象的：作为oomycete病原体导致马铃薯晚点枯萎病，Phytophthora infestans引发着名的19世纪爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒，仍然是全球商业马铃薯作物破坏的主要原因。但是导致这种破坏性初始爆发的基因型的地理来源仍然有争议，新世界原产地本身的原产地位是争议的。墨西哥和南美洲都已经提出，产生了相当大的争议。在这里，我们使用Genomic数据集提供了Genomic数据集，包括71个全球源的现代和历史样本的基因组数据集P. infestansand the hybrid speciesP. andina，仅从Andean Highlands获得紧密相对。以前的研究表明，1845年欧洲最初爆发的核DNA谱系现在灭绝了。分析P. andina阶段的单倍型回收了8个单倍体基因组序列，其中四个代表了先前未知的基底谱系P. infestans与饥荒的血统密切相关。我们的分析进一步揭示了两者的克隆谱系P. andina和历史P. infestans早于现代墨西哥血统分歧，对墨西哥原产地最近的索赔进行了怀疑。最后，我们使用单倍型序列来证明包含墨西哥样品的思克的基层的基础分支被来自野生收集的克隆分离物占据Solanum主持人，建议现代墨西哥人P. infestans多样化Solanum tuberosum从野生物种中跳跃后，这一起源P. infestansare more complex than was previously thought.
