Taking Their Vitamins: Researchers Find Bacterioplankton Rely on Environmental Vitamin B1 Rather Than Making Their Own
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北卡罗来纳州立大学和哥本哈根大学的新研究发现，比起合成自己的细菌粉B1或B1前体更多的细菌利用维生素B1或B1前体。研究人员还发现，B1的可用性可以直接限制细菌的生长，这可能会对水生微生物食品网以及能量和营养交换产生更大的影响。
“Bacterioplankton are actually more like us than we realized – they need to eat their Snickers, so to speak, and get nutrients like vitamin B1 from the environment,” says Ryan Paerl, assistant professor of marine, earth and atmospheric sciences at NC State and lead author of a paper describing the research. “Previously we thought that most bacterioplankton made their own vitamin B1, but recent genetic and cultivation work with a few common strains in nature suggested this might not be the case. Our work looks broadly at abundant bacterioplankton in the wild and shows that while some are B1 synthesizers, the majority – including diverse populations – are B1 auxotrophs, meaning they have to glean the vitamin or pieces of it from their environment.”
Paerl是一个国际研究小组研究的一部分hers who looked at bacterioplankton – free-floating bacteria important to microbial food webs and energy cycling worldwide. They used metagenomics to examine wild bacterioplankton from fresh, estuarine, and marine waters in order to identify both their B1 needs and their ability to get B1 or precursors, then looked at whether environmental B1 availability had any effect on the growth of the populations as a whole.
Paerl and colleagues performed nutrient amendment experiments with water collected from the same Baltic Sea monitoring site where they had obtained and analyzed initial and weekly metagenomic data. The simple experiments involved measuring bacterial growth in water supplemented with B1 or B1 precursors compared to unsupplemented water. In three out of five experiments, samples with added B1 or precursors had significantly more growth than the control.
每周波罗的海宏基因组的遗传分析揭示了负责制造和/或使用环境B1和前体的基因的波动。“例如，在夏天，我们看到了负责清除特定前体的基因，这表明更多这些前体可以在温暖的阳光天气中使用 - 这也是当生产维生素B1产生的蓝绿色藻类（蓝细菌）繁殖时，”佩尔说。
Paerl强调，这些发现只是理解B1可用性对微生物食品网和细菌粉的代谢的影响的第一步。
“In future studies we’ll be looking more specifically at different types of bacterioplankton and how B1 fits into their lifestyles,” Paerl says. “This work is an initial step toward understanding relationships between plankton and B1, which is important to sort out as the availability of the vitamin and its precursors have a role in influencing community structure and growth.”
The research appears in美国国家科学院论文集, and was supported by the BONUS Blueprint project, the joint Baltic Sea research and development program funded by the European Union, The Danish Council for Strategic Research, and the Swedish Research Council FORMAS. Researchers from Stockholm University, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Linnaeus University also contributed to the work.
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注释编辑：随后是论文的摘要。
“细菌浮游生物对外源维生素B1和前体可利用性的普遍依赖”
作者：北卡罗来纳州立大学瑞安·佩尔（Ryan Paerl）；斯德哥尔摩大学约翰·桑德（John Sundh）；Demeng Tan，Sine Svenningsen，Lasse Riemann，哥本哈根大学；塞缪尔·海兰德（Samuel Hylander），林奈大学（Linnaeus University）Jarone Pinhassi；安德斯·安德森（Anders Andersson），KTH皇家技术学院
Published: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
抽象的：
维生素B1（本文中的B1）是几乎所有细胞所需的重要酶辅因子，包括细菌粉，强烈影响水生生物地球化学，生产力和地球上的气候。有趣的是，细菌可以是从头开始的B1合成器，也可以是B1-溶性 - 不能合成B1 de从头合成，并且需要外源性B1或B1-Encorsor才能生存。最近基于分离株的工作表明，精选的大量细菌是B1-溶性，但自然界中B1-储物营养的直接证据很少。此外，如果b1限制的散装细菌生长是否是完全未知的。我们通过测量河口，海洋和淡水元基因组和元基因组组装的基因组（MAGS）中的B1相关基因（MAGS）表明，最自然存在的杆菌是B1auxotrophs。嘧啶B1-营养营养型细菌型元基因组，但也确定了多种其他B1-苯营营养素类型以及独特的摄取和B1静脉液体的策略，包括双（嘧啶和噻唑）和完整的B1 Auxotrophs，这些偶然性（嘧啶和噻唑胺）已被接受。来自波罗的海的时间序列的宏基因组显示出多种B1-苯营营养类型的患病率以及随着时间的推移的吸收和B1静脉策略的明显变化。互补的，我们记录了B1/在同一时间序列站的5个营养增强实验中的3个营养物质实验中的B1/前体限制，当完整的B1浓度≤3.7pm时，基于生物测定，具有基因设计的Enguio anderemed Engio fibrio Anguillarum B1-Aux-Auxuxtroploprophic prantial。总体而言，显示的数据突出了细菌粉的普遍依赖于外源性B1/前体的依赖，而微量营养素的生物利用度则是一种被忽视的因素，可能会影响型细菌性细菌的生长和连续性，从而在水生系统中循环营养和能量循环。
