Want to Win the NCAA Tournament? Learn Some Physics
又是三月疯狂的时间，数以百万计的NCAA锦标赛粉丝和支架的命运将以痛苦的，刺耳的灵魂，最后一秒的三分球命中和折线。
How can a team increase its chances of winning the Big Dance? A sound knowledge of physics could be a start.
为了热爱游戏（和科学），北卡罗来纳州州工程师Chau Tran和Larry Silverberg拍摄了数百万个篮球投篮 - 好的，他们有一台计算机模拟所有镜头。想象一下，他们的肘部会多么酸痛 - 并提出了两个非常重要的课程。
Noonan … Miss it!
First, the engineers quantified the optimal conditions for making a free throw. They say that shooters should launch the shot with about three hertz of back spin, which is a fancy way of saying that the ball should make three complete backspinning revolutions before reaching the hoop. Back spin deadens the ball when it bounces off the rim or backboard, giving the ball a better chance of settling through the net.
Where to aim? The back of the rim, leaving close to 5 centimeters – about 2 inches – between the ball and the back of the rim. Aiming for the center of the basket decreases the probabilities of a successful shot by almost 3 percent.
The engineers say that the ball should be launched at 52 degrees to the horizontal. If you don’t have a protractor in your jersey, that means that the shot should, at the highest point in its arc to the basket, be less than 2 inches below the top of the backboard.
罚球也应该是lease the ball as high above the ground as possible, without adversely affecting the consistency of the shot; release the ball so it follows the imaginary line joining the player and the basket; and release the ball with a smooth body motion to get a consistent release speed.
The engineers didn’t include advice on how to stymie the spasms nerve-wracked players get – known in golf as the yips and in other sports as choking – when they’re on the free-throw line with a game hanging in the balance and 20,000 fans screaming at them to miss. But that’s not a physics thing and couldn’t be simulated.
Call the Bank
The engineers also came up with some advice on when basketball players should attempt to shoot a bank shot and when to try for a swish.
他们发现，从法院的某些地区 - 在距篮子12英尺内的许多角度以及三分线和罚球道之间的“机翼”上 - 银行枪击可以比比以上的效率高20％。射击。但是，忘了从超过12英尺的距离内直接投篮 - 例如，罚球。
They also found the optimal points on the backboard where the simulated baskets were aimed. (Get out your slide rules.) First, you need to imagine a vertical line 3.327 inches behind the backboard that bisects the rectangular “square” on the backboard.
Then, you need to imagine the aim points certified by the computer simulations as the aim points on the backboard. These points make a “V” shape near the top of the “square.”
Then, wherever you are on the court, you find where the vertical line crosses your aim point and aim for that spot. That should increase your chance of making the shot.
当您在本赛季观看比赛时，请特别注意良好的罚球射击和银行投篮 - 缺乏。与这两个基础知识的球员的团队应该取得更大的成功 - 当他们举起NCAA锦标赛奖杯时，就会导致“一个闪亮的时刻”。
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教练非常关注运动物理及其如何使他们执教的球员的结果受益。如果有供使用的信息 - 教练将使用它。您是否对运动物理学研究进行了审查？我参加的每个USTF诊所都完全基于人类的运动和运动物理学。重要的是要将这些信息获取教练阅读的期刊和专业出版物。另外，请记住，射击/打篮球有一个重要的人类元素。玩家射击机制，习惯，疲劳，游戏性能压力，练习压力都会对每次拍摄的每一射击产生影响。让工程师与教练和运动员合作（我意识到人类学科在研究中带来挑战）在游戏和练习情况下，将是很棒的，以产生有效的结果。直到我们开始观看计算机在NCAA锦标赛中模拟篮球之前，人类受试者对学习很重要。例如，您有关使用银行镜头增加射击百分比的结果。 Will this really improve that percentage in a game setting….would it truly be beneficial for a player to analyze where he/she is on the floor and think if the right place to bank of go for the swish, identify the point on the backboard where he/she should aim, when a defender is aggressively running with hands up toward that player? Or is it a higher percentage shot to use the same mechanics practiced thousands of times to release the ball aiming for the back of the rim? The bank shot used to be common in basketball, but has gradually fallen away in the current game. Perhaps replicating aspects of your research with human subjects could provide a clear answer as to why. Thanks for conducting research in sport – coaches do appreciate the science behind what makes their athletes as effective as possible.
关于运动的物理学，尤其是棒球和较小程度的高尔夫球，但据我所知，篮球的文章很多。一个人想知道球员和教练是否会注意这项研究以提高绩效。即使改进很小，它也可能会随着时间的推移而有所作为。这是一个非常简单的例子，教练似乎没有引起注意。每个物理学生都知道您应该在45度发射弹丸以获得最大范围。严格来说，这是在没有空气阻力和空气阻力的情况下，对于高尔夫球和棒球等相当轻的物体（旋转也可能产生重要效果）。但是，对于16磅的射击，将防空功能的效果基本上可以忽略不计。当我在田径比赛中观看射击者时，它们通常似乎以较浅的角度发射到45度的较浅角度，有时会较浅。一个简单的计算表明，范围依赖于发射角，theta为sin（2 theta）。这意味着40至45度之间的差异转化为约2％的距离差异。 This may seem small, but for a distance of 75 feet (about the men’s world record), it’s more than a foot. Track coaches take note!
欢呼 - 感谢您将其戴在您的帽子下，Stephen。
This is very interesting work. As a physicist, it seems intuitively clear that a low ball trajectory in a free-throw (which is often seen in college games) will reduce the chances of making the shot since the margin of error goes down. The work of these engineers confirms this. On the other hand, a very high trajectory will also make the shot more difficult. This implies there’s an optimum launch angle which this work also confirms. I wonder how many coaches know this. I’m guessing not too many. I’m a visiting scientist at Duke but I promise not to tell coach K. Here’s hoping NC State does well in the tournament.