MLK的第一个梦想

The following post was written by Jason Miller, professor of English at NC State and the author of “Origins of the Dream: Hughes’ Poetry and King’s Rhetoric,” which explores the intersections between Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the poet Langston Hughes. Here, Miller describes his discovery of an audio recording from a speech delivered by King在1962年11月27日，在洛基山，N.C.包含现在的名称“我有梦想”的措辞 - 在1963年8月在华盛顿队在华盛顿队使用的修辞蓬勃发展之前，九个月。

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. first delivered the now famous refrain “I have a dream” in Rocky Mount, N.C., on Nov. 27, 1962. Dr. King ended his fifty-five minute speech in the Booker T. Washington Gymnasium by invoking the “How Long, Not Long” set-piece he made famous when he spoke from the steps of the capital at the end of the final march in Selma, Alabama on March 25, 1965. He then continued with eight consecutive lines of “I have a dream” before also ending with the “Let Freedom Ring” passage made famous when he spoke on the Mall of Washington on Aug. 28, 1963.

洛基山的这种演讲是部分讲道，部分大规模会议和部分民权地址。所有最戏剧性的最戏剧性的最戏剧性的难得和灵感的交付和流派的不寻常重叠使得这句话成为二十世纪最伟大的演讲者的最独特和历史讲话之一。现在是第一次，可以听到这一历史性的演讲。

样本演讲的一部分：

录音带

这封未知的演讲记录由世界领先的音频档案分子之一进行数字恢复。Philadelphia’s George Blood, a man who has been digitizing music for the Rock n’ Roll Hall of Fame, the Philadelphia Orchestra, and the Boston Symphony (among many others), restored this tape to its best original levels to present the speech as it sounded in 1962. George has written the guide for audio restoration used today by the Library of Congress. Absolutely no overdubs, edits, or changes have been made to this recording in any way.

虽然不确定，原来的卷轴卷尺可能是由一名教师在被隔离的学校记录的，其中国王博士在超过1800人之前讲话。它被记录在1.5毫米的醋酸卷中以卷尺。一旦卷轴上的内容所在，通过将胶带通过卷轴播放给卷轴播放器，他们被仔细证实了他们。然后手工送到费城的乔治血音频。这里的音频版本是这个历史性演讲的唯一已知副本。

历史背景

乔治·达德利，锡安山初浸会教堂的牧师邀请国王在1958年2月21日早上邀请国王在洛基山上发言。当时，牧师达德利写道，他正在尝试“在我们当地的章节中获得一些新的生活Naacp并进入我们的人民是公民身份的感觉。“他计划在1958年3月19日，20日或21日举行大规模会议。国王无法在1958年承诺这些日期。目前尚不清楚国王如何接受1962年出现的邀请。

就在这讲话之前，国王在格鲁吉亚奥尔巴尼的奥尔巴尼队完成了失败的竞选活动，这在1962年11月16日在佐治亚州萨瑟队在1962年11月16日在萨瑟队发言后抵达了洛基山的大部分能源，以纪念恐怖焚烧两个黑色教堂曾担任竞选总部，以确保非洲裔美国人的长期逾期投票权。在他在洛基山的演讲之前，国王博士吃了一顿饭，由海伦同性恋牧师达德利的家。

虽然国王前往北卡罗来纳州之前，但他没有参观过岩石山。在修改他的道路之间的书籍力量之间，国王很快就通过了东北部的纽约州的简要巡回了。1962年12月20日，他在北卡罗来纳州Edenton的Armory中讲了500人。

November 27, 1962 places King’s use of “I have a dream” nine full months prior to its use at the Mall on Washington D.C. on Aug. 28, 1963. Having just completed the failed campaign in Albany — and right before the beginning of the successful project C (“C” standing for confrontation) still to come in the spring of 1963 in Eugene “Bull” Connor’s very own home of Birmingham, Alabama—King’s determined vision shows his resilience and optimism during one of the lowest points of his career.

意义

虽然精选学者们长期以来，王家博士在1963年6月23日在底特律在底特律之前至少两个月使用了两个月，北卡罗来纳州罗克斯山上的底特律，北卡罗来纳州北卡罗来纳州的争论国王博士一直在利用克制得更早。这一发展的轨迹揭示了几件事关于国王博士最明显的理想。

首先，洛基山，北卡罗来纳州现在是我们国家历史上历史上的网站。北卡罗来纳州洛基山是马丁路德国王首次被记录使用他的标志性短语“我有梦想”的地方。这句话是世纪最识别的演讲的基础。到2008年，超过97％的美国青少年认识到了它的话。

其次，我们现在可以访问Martin Luther King最独特，漫长，相关和鼓舞人心的演讲中的完整音频录制，成绩单和注释成绩单。听到言论甚至阅读甚至读过国王博士的历史记录，为学者和公众提供了非凡的理解途径。无法低估实际录制提供的准确性。

Third, while Dr. King’s incantatory delivery on the Mall of Washington made his dream seem spontaneous, it was actually invoked before August 28, 1963. In addition to these two iterations, we also know King ended a speech on June 23, 1963 with “I have a dream.” He refined and altered the refrain on each of these occasions before his most famous address. Understanding these alterations and their origins helps to amplify their history, effectiveness and purpose.

第四，国王的梦想博士被口头诗歌举行。国王不仅照亮了美国梦的政治理想和经文的先知性质，当他发言“我有一个梦想”的话，反复和衡量的阿帕拉的用途也揭示了他的梦想诗意。In fact, Dr. King had been revising this same speech “Facing the Challenge of a New Age” since he first delivered it on Aug. 11, 1956 in Buffalo, N.Y. In that speech, long considered the thematic precursor to his “I Have a Dream” address in Washington, new research reveals that Dr. King ended his comments by rewriting (line by line) a famous poem by Langston Hughes entitled “I Dream a World.” This means that the poetry we recognize when we hear King repeat “I have a dream” is not merely the effect of a gifted speaker but rather the choice of man who knew and revered poetry so much that he memorized it. More than simple repetition, poetry is the thread that repeats in “I have a dream” and keeps the metaphor lingering in our minds. The themes of this speech, transformation and integration, are reinforced by King’s actual rhetoric as he simultaneously transforms and integrates ideas from scripture, the American Dream, and Hughes’s poetry. These are the three threads Dr. King stitched together to form his famous refrain.

虽然这些线程中的前两个已经很好地理解，但与休斯的连接是全新的。为了第一次，国王博士对他梦想的修订轨迹证实了Langston Hughes自己的个人信仰，即国王的着名“我有一个梦想”克制被直接与他自己的诗歌联系在一起。这种确认显着深化了这两种美国图标的历史记录。

Langston Hughes.

Born in 1902, Langston Hughes was one of the leading figures of the Harlem Renaissance movement of the 1920-30s that celebrated the culture and artistry of African Americans in and around Harlem, N.Y. During his career in the public eye from 1956-1968, Dr. King invoked no less than seven of Langston Hughes’ poems in his speeches and sermons (often reciting Hughes’s poems from memory). As contemporaries, the two men knew each other and exchanged letters. In fact, Hughes died in May of 1967, less than a year before King was assassinated. As he prepared for the surgery from which he would soon die, one of Hughes’ final handwritten letters was sent directly to Dr. King.

国王始终理解当前事件的力量。Playing off the final image of Hughes’s most famous poem ‘Dream Deferred,” Dr. King delivered one of his most powerful and personal sermons “Shattered Dreams” from his pulpit three weeks after another image from Hughes’ famous poem had become the source of inspiration for the immediate and long-staying Broadway hit “A Raisin in the Sun.”

Langston Hughes是国王博士的主要美国诗人。尽管存在这种敬畏，但休斯也公开了一个共产主义颠覆性的。这使得在公共场合发挥作用时，这使他的想法成为国王博士的挑战。

从1962年11月开始，国王博士开始通过整合多种来源的众多想法来缝合他自己的梦想。整合消息来源的行为允许他的演讲来模拟他在各级呼吁全国的社会融合。

除了其他来源，洛基山的这种演讲确认了国王梦想的起源也可以追溯到兰斯顿休斯的诗歌。In 1956, when Dr. King was first attracted to Hughes’s poem “I Dream a World,” he focused on the poem’s image of a new world: when he revised this speech in 1962, he held fast to the idea of the dream by stitching together the political idea of the American dream and the prophetic stance of vision with the poetic ideals he’d first encountered in the poetry of Langston Hughes.

为什么与Hughes的联系很难记录？

由于他有争议的声誉，国王博士从未公开引用1960年至65年之间兰斯顿休斯的名称或想法。这些是共产主义标签导致对国王和南方基督教领导会议最有效攻击的多年。然而，休斯的想法在历时地出现了立即前进，并遵循这个时代，其中国王在公众眼中最大。在这个时代，国王只是个性化的想法，并避免直接命名休或他的诗。

这次演讲确认，当他梦中时，国王博士在梦想中发挥了危险和高赌注游戏。By rewriting rather than quoting Langston Hughes’ words, Dr. King simultaneously invoked his ideas by exalting the cultural roots of African Americans while at the same time outwitting those in power who would have attacked and discredited King for embracing an incendiary political stance ascribed to Hughes and his poetry. This combination of deep cultural pride and subversiveness has often been overlooked in Dr. King’s speeches.

这种紧张有助于我们更好地了解时代的政治气氛。国王博士援引了一个黑人诗人的话，即同时站在非洲裔美国人的文化价值观的体现，即使他代表了国家对共产主义颠覆的最大恐惧。从王，诗歌，预言和政治的嘴唇，共同努力移动国家。